There was a similar tracer-gas clearance characteristic in the tube model and the upper airway model: clearance half-times were below 1.0 s and decreased with increasing NHF rates. The tracer gas clearance was determined using dynamic infrared CO 2 spectroscopy and 81mKr-gas radioactive gamma camera imaging. After filling the models with tracer gases, NHF was delivered at rates of 15, 30, and 45 l/min. The second was a more complex anatomically representative upper airway model, constructed from segmented CT-scan images of a healthy volunteer. The first was a simple tube model consisting of a nozzle to simulate the nasal valve area, connected to a cylindrical tube to simulate the nasal cavity. The hypothesis of this study was to test whether NHF can clear dead space in two different models of the upper nasal airways. Recent studies showed that nasal high flow (NHF) with or without supplemental oxygen can assist ventilation of patients with chronic respiratory and sleep disorders.
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